Saturday, April 24, 2010

A recombinant plasmid gets inside a bacteria by..a,b,c,d?

a.inducing mutations


b.injecting itself into the cell


c.transformation


d.recombing with the cell

A recombinant plasmid gets inside a bacteria by..a,b,c,d?
transformation.
Reply:Transformation.





You know this because the process of transformation involves inserting fragmented DNA sequences into a vector (ie. a plasmid) and then inserting the vector (plasmid) into a host.
Reply:transformation


Does rinsing vegetables with water remove bacteria?

If it is pointless to rinse your hands without soap, does rinsing vegetables with water do anything?

Does rinsing vegetables with water remove bacteria?
It does remove bacteria when u rinse in water, but the extent of removal is dependant on the surface of the vegetable. For example we will take tomatoes, it has wax coat on its surface and even if u wash/rinse for 100times the bacteria sustains on it. The rinsing is required to remove dirt and dirt is one of the sources of bacterial growth.
Reply:Rinsing removes dirt, dust, mold spores, nematode eggs and other nasty microscopic things.
Reply:depends what type of bacteria. If you want to be sure most are removed, then boil 'em veggies. Then again, bacteria you'd find on vegetables is harmless. You're also likely to find bacteria on the fork you use to eat those veggies. Really not much you can do, except for lap testes. Might i suggest performing a streak plate test.
Reply:rinsing does not remove the bacteria its the cooking that does it. Washing gets the dirt and any kinds of pesticides that could still be on the food.
Reply:No, rinsing in water will not remove bacteria. It will only clean off all mud, dirt, dust, pesticides, fertilisers, etc. If the water you use is not pure, then the bacteria from that could get onto the vegetables and make it more 'impure'. Cook vegs well to kill as much bacteria as possible.
Reply:Hi





Yes it does... even rinsing your hands will remove much of the bacteria on them even without soap..





But it will not get it all.. warm water is better than cold also





The best vegetation wash is a store bought one made for that or you can also make your own at home





here is just one recipe








1. Fill your kitchen dish pan with cold water.


2. Add 4 Tbs of salt and juice of 1/2 fresh lemon.


(This makes a diluted form of hydrochloric acid)


3. Soak fruits %26amp; vegetables 5 - 10 minutes.


4. Soak leafy green vegetables for 2 - 3 minutes.


5. Soak berries 1 - 2 minutes.


6. Rinse in cold water after soaking.





Some use vinegar other baking soda over salt..





E coli is the biggest threat and any washing you do helps!





Good Luck


Wismom
Reply:yes, the mechanical action removes bacteria....











my question is, which bacteria are you so afraid of?








what's with all the germ-phobia lately... antibacterial soaps, people friggin scrubbing vegetables, friggin HEPA air filters, antibacterial glass cleaner, etc. etc...





don't people realize you'd be dead without bacteria... they live EVERYWHERE... ALL OVER YOUR SKIN... YOUR MOUTH, IN YOUR INTESTINES... ohhhhhhhhhhh goodnessss what shall we do!!!

yoga

Is Lyme disease a virus or bacteria?

Lyme disease, or borreliosis, is an emerging infectious disease caused by bacteria from the genus Borrelia.[1] The vector of infection is typically the bite of an infected black-legged or deer tick, but other carriers (including other ticks in the genus Ixodes) have been implicated.[2] Borrelia burgdorferi is the predominant cause of Lyme disease in the US and Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii are in Europe.





The disease presentation varies widely, and may include a rash and flu-like symptoms in its initial stage, then musculoskeletal, arthritic, neurologic, psychiatric and cardiac manifestations. In a majority of cases, symptoms can be eliminated with antibiotics, especially if treatment begins early in the course of illness. Late or inadequate treatment often leads to "late stage" Lyme disease that is disabling and difficult to treat. Controversy over diagnosis, testing and treatment has led to two different standards of care

Is Lyme disease a virus or bacteria?
Bacteria
Reply:Lyme disease, is a emerging infectious disease caused by bacteria from the Borrelia.
Reply:A virus that spreads from ticks.
Reply:BACTERIA


Lyme disease, or borreliosis, is an emerging infectious disease caused by bacteria from the genus Borrelia.
Reply:Lyme disease, or borreliosis, is an emerging infectious disease caused by bacteria from the genus Borrelia. The vector of infection is typically the bite of an infected black-legged or deer tick, but other carriers (including other ticks in the genus Ixodes) have been implicated. Borrelia burgdorferi is the predominant cause of Lyme disease in the US and Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii are in Europe.





I hope it helps!
Reply:Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected ticks most likely deer ticks but other ticks can give it too you.





be very careful when in tall grass and wooded areas.





if you feel flu like symtoms and have an odd rash (some people dont get the rash) see a doctor too treat it early otherwise it will be hard to treat and will need iv antibiotics.
Reply:Is this disease caused by germ warfare/contaminated vaccines. Look up research by Prof Donald W Scott, Dr Garth Nicholson and Dr James Martin and judge for yourself.





Regards, Jacqui


Does Anti-bacterial hansoap kill more bacteria than non-antibacterial hansoap?

Anti-bacterial soaps probably "kill" more bacteria than non-antibacterial soap, the important apsect of soap is that it is used to "remove" bacteria from your hands. Therefore the technique and time spent washing you hands is more important.





Soaps (both liquid and bar) rely on the mechanical scrubbing of you hands to remove germs. The soap acts as a detergent that breaks down water tension to "make water wetter" This makes it hard for bacteria to "stick" to you hands.





Just a word about antibiotic liquid soap. The active ingredient in most liquid soap is Triclosan. In the mid- to late-90s, Triclosan was thrown into any and every consumer product to make it "antibacterial" (soaps, plastics, even steering wheels). This misuse and overuse of triclosan has the potential to select for triclosan resistant bacteria. One of my former professors who is now head of National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Systems (NARMS) for the FDA is a staunch opponent of the overuse of Triclosan. When he would question the effectiveness of Triclosan, the reply of the industries using triclosan was always "We do not make any claim of the effectiveness of Triclosan against bacteria". Ok, then why does your product say "Antibacterial"?





I am not trying to make you take a position on Triclosan but you, and the public in general, should be aware of the controversy of the use of it in everyday products

Does Anti-bacterial hansoap kill more bacteria than non-antibacterial hansoap?
A little, perhaps. But it also dries out your skin.
Reply:Yes of course it does
Reply:Hello Mille,


Based on various studies in this topic, the hand washing technique and the time spent on the hand wash matters more than the type of soap/hand wash used.


Although, many hand wash liquids claim that it contains moisturisers many of them dry your hand especially if you wash your hands very frequently. It causes the skin become dry and cracked. It increases the chances of bacterial invasion through the micro-cracks. Hence, it is mandatory to use moisturising hand cream after every hand wash to keep the skin supple.


Regardless of the type of soap/hand wash, spending 30 seconds on hand wash proved to be effective which removes most of the microbes from the hands.


Hope, this helps.
Reply:no

ivy

What is poision secreted by pathogenic bacteria?

this is for biology

What is poision secreted by pathogenic bacteria?
Toxins





Angel
Reply:toxin


One bad use or consequence of bacteria?

This 1 is also 4 biology, so once again I need this ASAP

One bad use or consequence of bacteria?
A bad consequence of bacteria? How about food poisoning, like E. coli and salmonella, makes people sick, and kills some.
Reply:Bacterial Meningitis tends to kill people...is that bad enough?


What are the good things about bacteria?

*name four please*

What are the good things about bacteria?
I love bacteria!!!


They improve the soil so plants do better!


The good bacteria in my intestines keep the bad bacteria at bay to I don't get taco trots!


They get rid of solid waste in my septic system so my yard smells nice!


The good bacteria in my private areas kills yeast so I don't feel bad or stink.
Reply:it helps decompose stuff


it is curable with antibiotics


people die from eating e coli bacteria


and it makes your s hit smell better
Reply:There is a bacteria in yogurt that is good for you! It's a live bateria


Good or even drinkable algae and bacteria?

If so list some facts and explanations

Good or even drinkable algae and bacteria?
yogurt and milk





yogurt is a dairy product produced by bacterial fermentation of milk. Fermentation of the milk sugar (lactose) produces lactic acid, which acts on milk protein to give yogurt its texture and its characteristic tang.





Yogurt has nutritional benefits beyond those of milk: people who are lactose-intolerant can enjoy yogurt without ill effects, because the lactose in the milk precursor is converted to lactic acid by the bacterial culture. The absence of lactose bypasses the affected individuals' need to process the milk sugar themselves.





Yogurt also has medical uses, in particular for a variety of gastrointestinal conditions, and in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea. One study suggests that eating yogurt containing L. acidophilus helps prevent vulvovaginal candidiasis, though the evidence is not conclusive.[4]
Reply:just the sound of it makes me sick
Reply:Spirulina, an alga is often consumed in the form of medicine.

fuchsia

How would u research an unknown bacteria?

Lets say its similar to the cholera bacterium. This is just a general question.

How would u research an unknown bacteria?
In addition to colony (size, pattern, color etc.), morphology and structure, gram stain, and biochemical characteristics, I would attempt to find some universal primers to study ribosomal RNA for classification. Whether the primers work or not will lead you to the next step.
Reply:Put it in a search engine...... like yahoo, or google, wikipedia,





DUH!
Reply:if you mean in the internet they go to a search engine, if you mean as a laboratory work I would get all kinds of bacteria I can find and they but in a mic next to the unknown one and make a list of the things they have in common, at least it would help to classify the bacteria...


good luck
Reply:First isolate it, i.e. attempt to grow it in a petri dish. Once they get growing, transfer samples to different nutrition media, such as lacking certain nutrients.


Do gram staining, check them out under a microscope with more staining techniques, subject them to different temperatures. Looking at the spot they were found at can also be helpful.
Reply:Unknown? As in previously undiscovered or one you know nothing about.





Actually it has become very easy to find new bacteria. It has become a fad among microbiologist working on their PhD's. It is fairly easy to find a new bacteria. All you have to do is look in a place or substrate or soil or mud just about anywhere. Find the bacteria, check it out, see if it has been described. There are many millions of bacteria that have not been identified.





People know these critters exist but up until recently nobody has had much interest in finding it. Generally because we know which ones are harmful to humans, the rest, if they have not proved harmful have been ignored.





But, with the onslaught of "Green" research and finding alternatives to fuel, like bio fuel, and alternatives to cleaning up things like oil spills, there is a renewed interest in bacteria.





But researching a "unknown" means you gotta start form the very being. One of the most important steps is determining its DNA. That's how bacteria are cataloged or classified.
Reply:I would inoculate the bacteria on to petri dish and incubate it for few days and see how the colonies turn out...colonies morphology,margin,elevation,color gives an idea as to which bacteria it could be...





then go for Gram staining to confirm


How would u research an unknown bacteria?

Lets say its similar to the cholera bacterium. This is just a general question.

How would u research an unknown bacteria?
In addition to colony (size, pattern, color etc.), morphology and structure, gram stain, and biochemical characteristics, I would attempt to find some universal primers to study ribosomal RNA for classification. Whether the primers work or not will lead you to the next step.
Reply:Put it in a search engine...... like yahoo, or google, wikipedia,





DUH!
Reply:if you mean in the internet they go to a search engine, if you mean as a laboratory work I would get all kinds of bacteria I can find and they but in a mic next to the unknown one and make a list of the things they have in common, at least it would help to classify the bacteria...


good luck
Reply:First isolate it, i.e. attempt to grow it in a petri dish. Once they get growing, transfer samples to different nutrition media, such as lacking certain nutrients.


Do gram staining, check them out under a microscope with more staining techniques, subject them to different temperatures. Looking at the spot they were found at can also be helpful.
Reply:Unknown? As in previously undiscovered or one you know nothing about.





Actually it has become very easy to find new bacteria. It has become a fad among microbiologist working on their PhD's. It is fairly easy to find a new bacteria. All you have to do is look in a place or substrate or soil or mud just about anywhere. Find the bacteria, check it out, see if it has been described. There are many millions of bacteria that have not been identified.





People know these critters exist but up until recently nobody has had much interest in finding it. Generally because we know which ones are harmful to humans, the rest, if they have not proved harmful have been ignored.





But, with the onslaught of "Green" research and finding alternatives to fuel, like bio fuel, and alternatives to cleaning up things like oil spills, there is a renewed interest in bacteria.





But researching a "unknown" means you gotta start form the very being. One of the most important steps is determining its DNA. That's how bacteria are cataloged or classified.
Reply:I would inoculate the bacteria on to petri dish and incubate it for few days and see how the colonies turn out...colonies morphology,margin,elevation,color gives an idea as to which bacteria it could be...





then go for Gram staining to confirm


What is the definition for undersirable bacteria?

It usually refers to pathogenic bacteria (ones that can cause illness) or pathogenic levels of normal flora (bacteria normally harmless unless in significant numbers to cause an infection)

What is the definition for undersirable bacteria?
Undesirable bacteria is responsible for food spoilage. This type of bacteria may not make you sick, but they show themselves by the use of odors, sticky or slimy surfaces and discoloration.


Can anyone give me information on bacteria?

Bacteria, one-celled organisms visible only through a microscope. Bacteria live all around us and within us. The air is filled with bacteria, and they have even entered outer space in spacecraft. Bacteria live in the deepest parts of the ocean and deep within Earth. They are in the soil, in our food, and on plants and animals. Even our bodies are home to many different kinds of bacteria. Our lives are closely intertwined with theirs, and the health of our planet depends very much on their activities.





Bacterial cells are so small that scientists measure them in units called micrometers (µm). One micrometer equals a millionth of a meter (0.0000001 m or about 0.000039 in), and an average bacterium is about one micrometer long. Hundreds of thousands of bacteria would fit on a rounded dot made by a pencil.





Bacteria lack a true nucleus, a feature that distinguishes them from plant and animal cells. In plants and animals the saclike nucleus carries genetic material in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Bacteria also have DNA but it floats within the cell, usually in a loop or coil. A tough but resilient protective shell surrounds the bacterial cell.





Biologists classify all life forms as either prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are simple, single-celled organisms like bacteria. They lack a defined nucleus of the sort found in plant and animal cells. More complex organisms, including all plants and animals, whose cells have a nucleus, belong to the group called eukaryotes. The word prokaryote comes from Greek words meaning “before nucleus”; eukaryote comes from Greek words for “true nucleus.”

Can anyone give me information on bacteria?
They are small, one cell or multiple cell organisms. They are EVERYWHERE. Mostly they don't cause damage or disease and some are even helpful.

paper bush

Can retroviruses enter and successfully infect bacteria?

Absolutely! Biotechnology has a department devoted the study. Viruses, even retroviruses, can invade a bacteria cell and cause DNA mutation. It's quite fascinating actually. A new type of insulin was created and ultimately produced in vast quantity due to virus infection technology. It''s absolutely possible!!!





I hope this helps!

Can retroviruses enter and successfully infect bacteria?
yes they can.hiv is an example of one.
Reply:yes.. the type of virus that infects a bacteria is called a bacteriophage


Name the scientist who saw lie bacteria in one drop of water &how much ?

anton von leeuwenhock

Name the scientist who saw lie bacteria in one drop of water %26amp;how much ?
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek


Is common cold caused by a bacteria or a virus? if you have been in cold weather?

The common cold is cause by the human rhinovirus and is transmitted from person to person via aerosol droplets or through direct contact with an infected persons bodily fluids. Being out in the cold will not give you a cold, however being out in the cold can weaken your immune system making you more susceptible to the virus.

Is common cold caused by a bacteria or a virus? if you have been in cold weather?
A common cold, meaning the flu?





The flu is a virus.
Reply:A cold is a virus, then you can have complications with a bacterial infection------of the sinus etc
Reply:The common cold is a virus and it is transmitted to you by another person 90% of the time. It is a highly contagious virus.





You need to do something really silly to catch a cold all by yourself. Either getting wet while it is cold or not protecting yourself from the cold.


Also walking in and out from a warm house to the cold outside can do it if you don't cover yourself when you go out.


Coming inside and sitting in front of an air conditionning, still sweating from having been in the heat outside will give you a cold everytime.


My guess would be that the common cold is a chemical reaction in your body when exposed to sudden extreme changes of temperature.





When I go and live in the bush...away from the city people, I never catch a cold. But if a friend with a cold visits me from the city...I will catch it...no worries. That just happened to me 3 weeks ago and I still have not fully recover.
Reply:a virus
Reply:Great question and there is some new informationabout how you get the common cold. The common cold starts out as a virus and often ends us as a bacterial infection.


What is new is a study done in Europe and they took identical groups of men and split them in half. One half of them has their feet soaked in ice cold water for 30 minutes and the other half did not have their feet soaked in ice cold water. The result are interesting. The men who had their feet soaked in ICE COLD WATER had a much higher infection rate of the common cold than the men who did not soak their feet. I don't recall the exact percentages but it was some thing like this: men whose feet were soaked in ICE COLD WATER had a rate of 39% and those who did not have the cold water treatment had a rate of 6%.





This was a small group of around 100 men put it points in the direction that to avoid a cold keep your body warm through out winter and you immune system will be able to protect your better against the common cold.
Reply:it's viral and there is nothing you can take to make it go away it will work its way out of your system in about nine days. till then there are ways of dealing. studies have shown that a cold draft will not give you a cold. it is a virus you got from someone else. if your immune system is strong then your body can fight it or make less potent.
Reply:a virus


Do you know that helicobacter pylori bacteria might have a role in allergy to paprika?

I became allergic to paprika and some spices since two and a half years ago. My blood test proved positive for helicobacter pylori and I got Claritromicine pills for 3 weeks. After the treatment I got rid of allergy to paprika and spices too.

Do you know that helicobacter pylori bacteria might have a role in allergy to paprika?
if you have that bacteria, you need stomach meds....a specific ntibiotic so you wont get an ulcer...or reflux that never ends..

daphne

What is the purpose of soil organism-fungi, worms, and bacteria? How do they help fertilize our soil?

worms poop in the dirt, which is natural fertilizer.


Areas in a salon that are most susceptible to pathogenic bacteria?

Places that are dark warm and damp are breading grounds for all types of bacteria.


HELP! What are the similarites and differences of yeast and bacteria on solid media and under the microscope?

regarding their appearance. Thanks for your help guys.

HELP! What are the similarites and differences of yeast and bacteria on solid media and under the microscope?
it really depends on what bacteria it is





why don't you try googling some images for yeast, and the bacteria you will be viewing


for example here is a picture of what yeast looks like http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/Lab...
Reply:I hope you already understand that there are numerous different bacteria and yeast and that there are also numerous different and often very specific growth conditions for each organism. Many different bacteria grow very well in and on the human body but not many different yeast grow very well in those same anatomic areas.





However, if a yeast such as Candida albicans grew next to a bacterial colony such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, the colonies would look rather similar on some media. A beginner could confuse the two types but an experienced microbiologist would quickly notice minor but important differences. Other bacteria would look quite different from both Staphylococcus and that particular yeast. Many yeasts will not grow on the same media as bacteria, so they would be completely overlooked. Still, in general bacterial and yeast colonies could look similar to each other.





They differ significantly microscopically. Bacterial cells are generally much smaller and usually require higher magnification and special staining to acurately describe them. Many yeasts will not stain with typical bacterial stains but they are large enough to observe with lower magnifications and often do not need to be stained in order to observe them. Beyond that, I'd say you need to dig into your microbiology text and study. The answer is much larger than can be described until you have studied much, much more.


How long does it take for pee samples to have bacteria if only refrigerated?

Urine samples should have few bacteria if refrigerated, because bacteria coming off the body grow poorly at low temperature. I would say urine would have fewer bacteria than tap water.





Doesn't it sound like a good science project?

How long does it take for pee samples to have bacteria if only refrigerated?
The amonia should prevent the bacteria from growing.
Reply:It depends on the intensity of refrigeration, but....it should be safe....for over few days.....!! I think
Reply:Urine samples are only good for analysis purposes for less than one hour (for crystal observatioin -- they tend to break down after that). A refrigerated sample to be used for other analyses is probably good for about 12-24 hours.





As long as the sample is in a sterile, enclosed container, there should almost no bacteria in a healthy person/ animal's urine, unless a UTI is suspected. Urine inside the bladder is considered sterile.

camellia

Where is the scarlet fever bacteria most likely to be found?

it's not really a scarlet fever bacteria.. it's the same bacteria that causes strep throat or skin infections.. things like that... what happens though is for some kids the bacteria makes a toxin which causes scarlet fever... and the bacteria is contagious through wherever the bacteria is... such as if it is strep throat then it is contagious through ways like coughing or sneezing.. if is from a skin infection it would be through skin to skin contact...

Where is the scarlet fever bacteria most likely to be found?
Where on the human body? Or where in the world? It's from a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection, which is not very uncommon, but antibiotics have kept this pretty well under control in developed countries


What's the difference between bacteria and virus?

Viruses are generally RNA surrounded by a protective shell. It has no organelles to speak, does not reproduce sexually(viruses enter a host cell and alters the cell's RNA to match it's own literally recreating itself-different from asexual reproduction), and needs a host cells to survive.





Bacteria on the other hand are living organisms that reproduce asexually. They also require oxygen, nourishment, and can live independently i.e no need for hosts.





Bacteria can be killed with drugs since they are living. Viruses, however, can not cured by any conventional drug. Viruses need to be removed completely or inhibited so that they can no longer find a host.

What's the difference between bacteria and virus?
One is a cell, the other a phage.
Reply:First of all. Bacteria are living organisms. A virus is not alive.
Reply:Bacteria can be treated with most antibiotics. And, I don't believe there is a cure for viruses.
Reply:Some bacteria is good for your body, while a virus is sorta like a very "bad-for-your-body" bacteria.
Reply:for one virus can mutate bacteria cannot. Bacteria are much less complex than virus.
Reply:Well from my health educator's point of view, you can cure bacterial STIs, but can not cure viral infections, only their symptoms. But thats probably not what you're looking for. lol, good luck
Reply:Bacteria are single celled organism while viruses are simple protein codes that need a host cell to survive and multiply. Viruses have incomplete DNA codes and bondswith the host cell's DNA to replicate.





Other than that, the only diffrence I can think of is spelling,,,
Reply:Bacteria-ubiquitous one-celled organisms, spherical, spiral, or rod-shaped and appearing singly or in chains, comprising the Schizomycota, a phylum of the kingdom Monera (in some classification systems the plant class Schizomycetes), various species of which are involved in fermentation, putrefaction, infectious diseases, or nitrogen fixation.








virus- an ultramicroscopic (20 to 300 nm in diameter), metabolically inert, infectious agent that replicates only within the cells of living hosts, mainly bacteria, plants, and animals: composed of an RNA or DNA core, a protein coat, and, in more complex types, a surrounding envelope.


2. Informal. a viral disease.


3. a corrupting influence on morals or the intellect; poison.


4. a segment of self-replicating code planted illegally in a computer program, often to damage or shut down a system or network.
Reply:one is alive, the other isnt
Reply:I believe viruses have a much harder shell or barrier than bacteria. They are much harder to kill.
Reply:Bacteria are fully living entities. Virus are essentially RNA wrapped in some shell, and require a host to provide life functions while it can reproduce itself. Viruses are usually 2-3 orders of magnitude smaller than bacteria.
Reply:Bacteria are technically alive. They metabolize, reproduce, maintain their own homeostasis, and react to their environment. Viruses are not technically alive because they depend on invading host cells and using their machinery to provide the energy, raw materials, and sometimes the enzymes needed to copy and package the viral genome.





-The viral genome may be RNA or DNA, while the bacterial genome is always DNA. The bacterial genome is always double-stranded, but the viral genome may be double or single stranded.


-The largest, most complex virus that I know of has fewer genes than the smallest, simplest species of bacteria that I know of. (This is because the virus mooches stuff from its host)


-Viruses can infect bacteria, but not the other way around.


-Viruses replicate by assembly, while bacteria replicate by cell division.


-Some species of bacteria that cause disease in humans replicate outside the host cells and some replicate inside the host cells, but bacteria may only replicate inside the host cells.





Edited to add:


Regarding the answer below me... Wrong! They have the right general idea about bacteria being alive and all, but the examples are wrong. Bacteria are prokaryotes. As such, bacteria do not have mitochondria; their electron transport chain is in their cell membrane. In fact, it's thought that mitochondria originated when the ancestral eukaryote developped a symbiotic relationship with its intracellular bacteria. Bacteria also do not have a nuclear membrane, therefore even if they keep their DNA organized, they don't really have a proper nucleus . They do not have an endoplasmic reticulum either.





Also wrong: the statement that bacteria can't mutate. Oh yes they can! But some viruses have really phenomenal mutation rates. This is one of the reasons there's no HIV vaccine and why we need a new flu vaccine every year.





Also wrong: Someone called viruses unicellular. Viruses cannot be considered unicellualar because they aren't even a cell. We call them virus particles.
Reply:a bacteria is a single-celled living organism, meaning it has all of the components of a cell: mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, etc. A virus is only a portion of a cell wall with several strands of dna inside. a virus attaches itself to the outside of a living cell and injects its dna into the cell, and in turn the infected cell multiplies.
Reply:a bacteria is a germ that can be cure by antiboitics, viruses can't be cured by antiboitics and can mutate into different forms, hiv/aids
Reply:Bacteria are single-celled organisms that infect.


Viruses have to infect by replicating (copying) themselves in the hosts cell.





Viruses usually do not have"cures"
Reply:one is big, the other is small.
Reply:Bacteria is in food and substances and a virus can travel in the wind. Virus uses other means for travel like bugs. Like the mosquestoes in Africa that kill a million every year.
Reply:Bacteria and virus both are unicellular the major difference between them is that virus is boarderline organism that is actually in the in between phase of living and death they are crystallized but due to some forign antigens or particles they become active and cause infection virus is also too mush smaller you can't see by compound microscope you can see by electron microscope similarly virus is not killed by antibiotics and antibiotics are harmfull to bacteria.
Reply:I believe that bacteria causes viruses
Reply:Bacteria grows and can cause an illness. You need antibiotics to tret bacteria and kill it. YOu would not know i I saw on tv there is so much bacteria on your toothbrush. Change it once a month and I pump antibacterial soap on it once a day!


Viruses I remember have hosts.


I think I have to read more up on this topic it sounds very interesting since I got kids and they did just get over some nasty colds. WOW.


Joanne


Did you know in the past a chinese medicine dragons blood. Real or myth was used to fight ulcers???? Hmmm Something to read when you have extra time!


have a good day.
Reply:GOOD QUESTION!





Both are germs and can cause illness. Bacteria are MUCH bigger than viruses, but neither can be seen without a microscope. Their are lots of differences, but the ones that concern us the most is how they are TREATED.





Bacteria are very powerful and can cause sever, serious illnesses. Some bacterial diseases can kill within a DAY. Fortunately, bacteria can be killed (cured) with antibiotics.





Viruses are much weaker than bacteria but they can MUTATE very quickly, which is why there is no cure for the Common Cold -- different viruses cause each cold that you get! Viruses can't be killed by antibiotics, which is why your doctor won't (or shouldn't) give you an antibiotic for a cold -- it won't work! Colds and the flu are caused by viruses. The only defenses we have against viruses are vaccines -- and our own bodies ability to fight them off. For a vaccine to be effective, it must be given BEFORE you get the virus, which is why we vaccinate our children. Even thought viruses aren't as strong as bacteria, they still can kill, although usually they do it much slower.





If you go visit a friend who has a cold and then next morning you wake up with a cold -- you did NOT get it from your friend. You got the cold a week ago. It takes a week to ten days for most viruses to make you ill.





Here's just one example: Meningitis (inflamation of the lining around your brain) can be bacterial or viral. Bacterial mengitis is BAD -- you can catch it in the morning and be dead by night. BUT it can be cured by antibiotics. Viral meningitis is also bad, but not nearly as deadly as bacterial. There is no cure for viral meningitis, just supportive care that helps your own body fight the infection.





Pneumonia can also be viral or bacterial.





Rabies is a virus. I mention it here because it's just about the deadliest disease on the planet. If you are vaccinated BEFORE you get the symptoms, you can be cured. If the first symptoms show up -- you are dead. Period. So if you ever suspect you are bitten by a rabid animal, don't fool around, GET VACCINATED!





Everything I wrote is in GENERAL terms. There might be some drugs that are effective against some viruses. But IN GENERAL, I hope this answers your question!
Reply:Bacteria are prokaryotes, hence they are considered living organisms. They have a cell membrane but their organelles are not membrane bound. They have the ability to reproduce on their own, binary fission . A virus on the other hand is considered nonliving, it carries within it a few proteins and its DNA or RNA. In order to reproduce it must use the reproductive abilities of a living cell. Hence, they attach and invade living cells so they can reproduce. A good example of a virus is a common cold virus or polio. An example of a bacteria is strep or staph.
Reply:bacteria is a mutating unicellular microorganism without a nucleus in it.it is capable to reproduce. not all bacteria are bad for ones body, there are also those good bacteria that aids in our digestion.while a virus is a toxic sub-microscopic infectious agent that is not capable to reproduce from its host cell.its a non-living organism but has a geneticmaterial called the DNA and RNA.
Reply:Viruses are much smaller than bacteria and cannot be seen with a light microscope like bacteria can. Viruses cannot be cultured and replicated therefore cannot be studied. Bacteria are easily killed with over the counter medicines whereas viruses are able to mutate and can become immune to types of antibiotics which once worked on them and are very difficult to kill.
Reply:Bacteria are prokaryotes, hence they are considered living organisms. They have a cell membrane but their organelles are not membrane bound. They have the ability to reproduce on their own, binary fission . A virus on the other hand is considered nonliving, it carries within it a few proteins and its DNA or RNA. In order to reproduce it must use the reproductive abilities of a living cell. Hence, they attach and invade living cells so they can reproduce.


Does cleaning with viniger kill bacteria and germs and deoderize?

Yes. It is the acid in it that kills the germs and bacteria. Because the germs and bacteria are dead that is what deodorizes.

Does cleaning with viniger kill bacteria and germs and deoderize?
I use common white vinegar to clean sinks, floors, stove and counter tops, bathroom fixtures and my shower. It cuts calcium build up and soap scum, is inexpensive, and if used regularly, kills bacteria.





I mix the white vinegar in a spray bottle: 3/4 vinegar; 1/4 water.
Reply:I know that vinegar will remove pet urine smell in your carpet. I do not think it will kill the germs. I make a solution of 1/2 non sudsy ammonia, 2 drops of dis soap (any Kind) 1 - 16oz bottle of Alcohol, I put all this in a gallon jug and fill the rest of the way up with water. This works great for carpet stains, and all general cleaning. And the Alcohol will kill the bacteria and germs.


Need information on gram negative bacteria in blood?

father has pneumoniaand now gram negative blood infection

Need information on gram negative bacteria in blood?
Some pneumonias are caused by gram negative organisms. Apparently, the organmisms were invasive and seeped into the blood stream via the alveoli in the lungs. Also, strep. pneumonia can be a secondary infection. The gram negative bacteria in the blood could be indicative of another infection else where in the body. It is a good thing that the doctors are aware of the bacteria in his blood, also known as bacteremia. Do not worry to much about it. There are medications that can be used to eliminate the bacteria. The doctors will isolate where the bacteria came from and treat the cause of the bacteremia. Most likely, your father has another infection elsewhere that caused the pneumonia.
Reply:I've uploaded some information on the 10 best blood tests to my Yahoo Briefcase which you can download. There's other health stuff there, as well, relating to high protein diets, building up the immune system, ideal blood tests, cancer, macular degeneration, diabetic neuropathy, free radicals, antioxidants, phytonutrients, synthetic vitamins vs whole food, etc. Hope it's helpful. http://briefcase.yahoo.com/apuzyr
Reply:Your dads pneumonia is probably really bad and bacteria slipped into his blood stream. They call this sepsis. The doctor collects a sample of his sputum to see if his sputum also contains a gram negative bacteria and bingo, you have the cause of gm negative sepsis. If the sputum culture does not grow a gram negative bacteria, the doctor will start looking in other places such as the urinary tract or an open wound or any other possible port of infection.


which may have caused gram negative bacteria to get into the blood stream.


Im not crazy, although sometimes I think I am, but I am a nurse in a hospital.

lady slipper

How to increase the friendly bacteria in the intestines,?

i know that taking probiotaics and eating yogurt can help in that, but is there any other things one can do

How to increase the friendly bacteria in the intestines,?
The number one thing anyone can take as a natural probiotic be


sourkraut I now this sounds strange but fact ! Eat and stay alkaline with some raisins.
Reply:Eat yogurt
Reply:Hit the health food store..they have many products that will


introduce these bacteria in a more concentratede form.
Reply:if yogurt works i imagine cottage cheese would to
Reply:Probiotics are probably the best, but eating an alkaline, high greens diet and not drinking or or other harmful food choices will help maintain that bacteria and allow it to grow.
Reply:not taking antibiotics when you don't need them - many people go to their doctor when they have a cold and want drugs to "cure" them and many doctors give prescriptions for antibiotics just to get people out of their office as fast as possible - DON"T take antibiotics unless you have been tested for an infection!





Don't use any antibacterial soaps/creams





http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/m... Fermented foods such as miso and sauerkraut, pickled vegetables, and cultured dairy products like yogurt, kefir, sour cream, and cheese contain beneficial bacteria. Look for unpasteurized products, and look for the words "live and active cultures" on your yogurt label. Also check to see how many kinds of bacteria are listed (L. acidophilus should be one of them). The more on the label, the better. Aim for two to three servings a day.
Reply:Are you taking antibiotics? That is the number one way to KILL the positive bacteria, along with everything else.





Anything with bacillus will increase the positive bacteria. Dannon has a new yogurt, Activa, that was developed for this. Health stores have bacillus capsules, usually in their refrigerated sections.
Reply:Yogurt is definitely the first answer. There are other fermented products available, such as Kefir and acidolphilus milk.. They list on the label that they have live cultures in them. Cottage cheese is not on of them.Although some cheeses still have the bacteria in them.





You can check online for fermented milk products.





Some foreign terms are: piima, koumiss, dulce de leche, kajmak,airag,vla, viila,filmjolk, and etc.
Reply:Take acidophilus capsules...I am not even joking that these things changed my life...I take one in the morning and one before bed...always away from food...and they improved my digestion and my stomach just feels better all together! Yogurt and kefir can really help too but i HIGHLY reccomend taking these in addition...





USE THIS BRAND-


http://www.immunesupport.com/jarro_dophi...





I have tried other brands and they don't work as well!
Reply:I tried this stuff called Dannon Activia Yogurt. It's cheap, you can find it in any store,(Wal Mart, etc.) and it's supposed to improve digestive health if you eat it for 14 days. It has something in it called Bifidus Regularis- which is supposed to be a strain of bacteria already living in your intestinal tract which has been proven to be one of the most beneficial. I don't really need it, I guess I just love the taste.
Reply:Eating yogurt is good and healthy...
Reply:try not to eat processed foods. meat, veggies, fruit, beans - that's all you really need.
Reply:Try Yakult. you can find it in some stores or online. It is good for you and tastes yummy!
Reply:Eating yogurt and fiber enriched foods helps.Also try the fiber drink mixes.
Reply:make amends with the bad bacteria..make em shake hands..group hugs..etc.
Reply:tequila enima


How long do germs and bacteria live on materials such as plastic, glass, and metal?

That depends on numerous factors, like temp, texure, and specific organism.


What is the type of bacteria that consume nitrogen in the air and change it into a form plants can use?

ok it's got to be bad farts , sorry

What is the type of bacteria that consume nitrogen in the air and change it into a form plants can use?
nitrogen fixing bacteria
Reply:Nitrogen fixing bacteria


What do Fungi,Protist and Bacteria have in Common?

They are all unicellular organisms

What do Fungi,Protist and Bacteria have in Common?
They all have ribosomes.
Reply:u get them from unprotected anal sex
Reply:Protists (IPA: /ˈprəʊ.tɪst/ (RP); /ˈproʊ.tɪst/ (GenAm)), Greek protiston -a meaning the (most) first of all ones, are a diverse group of organisms, comprising those eukaryotes that can not be classified in any of the other kingdoms as fungi, animal, or plants. They are usually treated as the kingdom Protista or Protoctista. The protists are a paraphyletic grade, rather than a natural (monophyletic) group, and do not have much in common besides a relatively simple organization (unicellular, or multicellular without highly specialized tissues). Essentially, the Kingdom Protoctista is made up of organisms which cannot be classified into any other kingdom.





Protists were traditionally subdivided into several groups based on similarities to the higher kingdoms: the animal-like protozoa, the plant-like algae, and the fungus-like slime moulds and water moulds. These groups often overlap, and have been replaced by phylogenetic classifications. However, they are still useful as informal groups for describing the morphology and ecology of protists.





At one time, bacteria were also considered protists, under the three-kingdom system of Animalia (corresponding closely to the modern kingdom), Plantae (which included Fungi as well as plants), and Protista (everything else). See kingdom (biology). However, most recent texts treat bacteria separately.





Contents [hide]


1 Organization


1.1 Protozoa, the animal-like protists


1.2 Algae, the plant-like protists


1.3 Fungus-like protists


2 Phylogenetic classifications


3 References


4 Other references











Organization





Protozoa, the animal-like protists


Protozoa are mostly single-celled, motile protists that feed by phagocytosis, though there are numerous exceptions. They are usually only 0.01-0.5 mm in size, generally too small to be seen without magnification. Protozoa are grouped by method of locomotion into:





Flagellates with long flagella e.g., Euglena


Amoeboids with transient pseudopodia e.g., Amoeba


Ciliates with multiple, short cilia e.g., Paramecium


Sporozoa non-motile parasites; some can form spores e.g., Toxoplasma








Algae, the plant-like protists


They include many single-celled organisms that are also considered protozoa, such as Euglena, which many believe have acquired chloroplasts through secondary endosymbiosis. Others are non-motile, and some (called seaweeds) are truly multicellular, including members of the following groups:





Chlorophytes green algae, are related to higher plants e.g., Ulva


Rhodophytes red algae e.g., Porphyra


Heterokontophytes brown algae, diatoms, etc. e.g., Macrocystis





The green and red algae, along with a small group called the glaucophytes, appear to be close relatives of other plants, and so some authors treat them as Plantae despite their simple organization. Most other types of algae, however, developed separately. They include the haptophytes, cryptomonads, dinoflagellates, euglenids, and chlorarachniophytes, all of which have also been considered protozoans.





Note some protozoa host endosymbiotic algae, as in Paramecium bursaria or radiolarians, that provide them with energy but are not integrated into the cell.








Fungus-like protists


Various organisms with a protist-level organization were originally treated as fungi, because they produce sporangia. These include chytrids, slime moulds, water moulds, and Labyrinthulomycetes. Of these, the chytrids are now known to be related to other fungi and are usually classified with them. The others are now placed among the heterokonts (which have cellulose rather than chitin walls) and the Amoebozoa (which do not have cell walls).








Phylogenetic classifications


The taxonomy of protists is still changing. Newer classifications[1] attempt to present monophyletic groups based on ultrastructure, biochemistry, and genetics. Because the protists as a whole are paraphyletic, such systems often split up or abandon the kingdom, instead treating the protist groups as separate lines of eukaryotes. The recent scheme by Adl et al. (2005)[2] is an example which does not bother with ranks (phylum, class, etc.).





Some of the main groups of protists, which may be treated as phyla, are listed in the taxobox at right. Most have been established as monophyletic, though for some this is still uncertain; for instance the metamonads, which may be paraphyletic to other excavates, and the Chromista, which may be paraphyletic to the alveolates (see chromalveolates). Various smaller groups of protists also existed; these are listed under the traditional categories, linked to above.





For more discussion of relationships between different protists and their evolution, see eukaryote or the articles referenced below.








References


^ Cavalier Smith, T. %26amp; Chao, E. E. Y. (2003). Phylogeny and classification of phylum Cercozoa (Protozoa). Protist 154: 341-58.


^ Adl, S. M. et al. (2005). The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 52: 399-451.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to:


Protista


Other references


Marguilis, L., Corliss, J.O., Melkonian, M.,and Chapman, D.J. (Editors) 1990. Handbook of Protoctista. Jones and Bartlett , Boston. ISBN 0-86720-052-9





Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protist"
Reply:all unicellular

dendrobium

What is the role of bacteria in cheese production?

Certain bacteria is introduced to milk. What happens is that the bacteria eat up the lactose in the milk, and convert the milk into cheese. So basically, bacteria role in cheese production is everything- it's the things that actually make it cheese.

What is the role of bacteria in cheese production?
bacteria provide the flavor for cheeses.


Cheese is made by separating milk into its liquid and solid components (curds and whey). The solids (curds) are collected, dried, shaped, etc. and then certain strains of bacteria are added which produce certain compounds that give the curds flavor. Certain strains of fungi are also used for the same purpose.


Two sources of nitrogen for bacteria are environment (nitrogen in air) and _________?

Nitrite and Nitrate

Two sources of nitrogen for bacteria are environment (nitrogen in air) and _________?
Nitrogen in the air, and Nitrogen in the soil.
Reply:Protein. They eat meat.
Reply:and soil (nitrogen in the soil)
Reply:urine.


Where did the very first bacteria originate? How was it made if life comes from life im confused.?

If you must know, life originally came not from life. - That answer would have not end to it. on ad nausea





Life came from weather and condensation and minerals.

Where did the very first bacteria originate? How was it made if life comes from life im confused.?
Study abiogenesis. Pasteurs's experiments were flawed in their fundamental assertion and thus the conclusions drawn from them are suspect. They hold as a general rule, but are an incidence where what seems to be shown as true can later, through other experiments, turn out to be false if improperly applied.
Reply:Wrong section. Go to "Science and mathematics" and ask there.
Reply:God created all living things.


.
Reply:the first question is unanswerable, we don't know where exactly, most likely in the seas.





how was it made? chemical processes, it is not uncommon for organic material to synthesis itself from inorganic reactions.
Reply:The earth had about 2 billion years of chemistry experiments can you conceive of how long that is?
Reply:all life is a product of the natural elements which have combined and evolved over billions of years
Reply:I'm a bit fuzzy on the details, because despite my intense interest in microbiology, it's a little over my head.





But my understanding is that DNA molecules can be formed independently of life. (They've done this in a lab) Then, the DNA molecules can form capsules, or cell membranes, which makes is a bacterium. Which goes a long way to explain why bacteria are capable of extranuclear DNA, or having no cell nucleus.
Reply:God created them after the Flood. One result: Noah got schnockered on the hitherto unknown fermented grape juice.
Reply:Christ, confused bacteria! Zzzz...


How does a phagocyte destroy bacteria?

first ift envelops the cell and then uses the organell called lysome to break it down

How does a phagocyte destroy bacteria?
Phagocytes destroy bacteria by engulfing them or eating them almost like how a amoeba eats. The Phagocyte will keep on engulfing bacteria until it explodes creating what we all know is pus.
Reply:It literally engulfs it, then using lysosomes with which specific enzymes breaks down the bacteria.
Reply:It attaches its self to its victim and then injects its own DNA into the bacteria. There has been some research into using bacterieaphages to combat infections such as mrsa and other bacterial infections but they have trouble in finding funding. The Japaneses were at the forefront of this when I was last looking into this type of subject. They have cultivated phages on human effluent. These were only effective on surface infections. Human immune systems kill off the phages internally and even on surface use they die off quickly.
Reply:Its a easy process in some steps: 1. Bacteria has a leucocute atracting substance (N Formilpeptide). 2. Phagocytes that are one of the first lines of defense (with neutrophyles) go to attack. 3. Phagocytes englobe bacteria and fuses with it (shallow it). 4. When bacteria is inside the phago, it fuses one of its organelles (lysosome) who contains digestive enzimes (lactoferrin, lysozin, peroxidase. etc) binds to it and digest the bacteria.


THis process is important bcause there is a congenital disease called glucose 6 phospate deshidrogenase deficiency (G6PDH) in which there is a inadecuate amounts of NADPH who is a metabolite needed by several enzimes, includes lysosyme for working. If you dont have this enzyme you will have, including other symptoms, a inmunodeficiency in the macrophages and this person will have recurrent infections of organism that are usually killed by macrophages like S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, etc
Reply:During phagocytosis the neutrophilic granules release digestive enzymes into the vacuole to kill or destroy the phagocytized particle or bacteria.
Reply:Engulfing the bacteria and release the enzyme lyso

broadleaf

Are restroom handles contaminated with bacteria?

this is for a science project

Are restroom handles contaminated with bacteria?
Yes. So are the walls and floors and faucets and ceilings ... that's what that smell is all about.


See, when toilets flush, they create a certain amount of spray (from the water that is contaminated with urine and feces) that becomes airborne as micro droplets that can drift quite a way before settling down ... usually on a cool surface like metal or tile or ceramic.


So wash your hands, dude, and don't touch that knob!
Reply:Yes, they are contaminated with bacteria as is the floor and most everyplace in the restroom. Another place that is horrid for bacteria are the grocery cart handles in a store. Wash your hands often; keep the antibacterial bottle in your purse or car and use it often. Also open the bathroom door with a paper towel.
Reply:I don;t see why not.
Reply:handles of the toilets yes


handles of the door yes


But, everything has bacteria on it.
Reply:Abosolutely, terribly, totally in public restrooms, not so badly @ home. Good idea to wash your hands leaving a restroom. Some experts advise not to touch door handle except w/ paper towel when leaving public restroom.
Reply:Yes, just like your refrigerator handle, TV remote control, toothbrush handle, etc, etc,. Bacteria is all around us.
Reply:I should think that a Madame Pipi would be less contaminated than most people since she is using disinfectant constantly to clean the toilets.
Reply:absolutely and totally. I always get a paper towel and use that to grab the door handle. If those annoying blow dryers are the only way to dry your hands use TP. I also never touch the hot/cold controls on the faucet when washing my hands or the soap dispenser, I use paper towel to touch everything.
Reply:Yes,all over restroom.
Reply:Yes, they are, but for a science project you are going to need more than just answers from random people on a website. You are going to have to back it up with real research, either from papers a scientist has written or with an experiment of your own.
Reply:You may be certain that all door handles have some bacteria on them however due to the hard non-porous nature of door handles and the fact that they are exposed to open air and dry quickly, they apparently have fewer bacteria than one might expect...
Reply:every unsterile surface is contaminated with bacteria....
Reply:Not generally. It's a common misconception. Even toilet seats aren't that contaminated. When I had a micro-biology class we did cutures of random objects. I grew 4 petri dishes - one from a toilet seat swab, one from tthe batroom door, one from a drinking fountain spigot and one by scratching my head over the petri dish. Strangely enough, the first three had no real cultures and the one from my head had about a dozen different bacterial strains.





Now then, for a little more information: unless a person has a venereal disease or a urinary tract infection. Urine is sterile, and as clean as water - it just contains stuff your body doesn't want in it, mostly nitrogen compounds in the form or Uric acid. The Gi tract is full of bacteria, most notably e-coli but as long as there is toilet paper between the hand and the perineal area, the chance of contaminating that way is slight.





Washing hads after using the bathroom, even without soap (soap is useless unless you wash for a long time and give the soap a chance to lyse the bacteria [longer than 45 second]) the effect of the mechanical action of washing dislofges most bacteria. Do not bother with "anti-bacterial" soap - it is a rip off and if not used correctly (and most people don't) it does more harm that good by allowing super bacteria to evolve that are resistant to common anti-biotics.





And, since you can't be certain that the person before you washed before touching the handle/knob, always used the paper towel that you used to dry your hands to open the door, then dispose of the towel (lesson learned from Nursing school).
Reply:Well yes , nobody ever gets up washes their hands then goes back to flush , then wash their hands before leaving .


What is the population of bacteria on your toilet seat?

give me numbers people!!

What is the population of bacteria on your toilet seat?
32,475,182 - sorry took me five hours to count'em. I better get 10 points for all that!
Reply:one its you
Reply:I'll count them and come back to you.......
Reply:what a silly question :). i don't know. put your tongue on the toilet seat and after that have a little sex and then kill yourself


Are there other kinds of bacteria besides strep that commonly infect the throat?

Bacteria are prokaryotes (unicellular organisms with no membrane-enclosed nucleus) with simple structures that typically range in size from about 0.5 to 20 micrometers. The following bacteria are amongst those that might infect the throat - Staphylococcus. Streptococcus. Neisseria. N. gonorrhoeae. Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Bacillus anthracis. Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydophila psittaci. Moraxella catarrhalis (Note that up until about ten years ago, M. catarrhalis was called Branhamella catarrhalis.) Bordetella pertussis. Francisella tularensis. Bacteroides fragilis.


Of course, there are more, but maybe this will be sufficient for now.








Hope this helps


matador 89

Are there other kinds of bacteria besides strep that commonly infect the throat?
Tonsillitis comes to mind with me.


Where do you think more bacteria live?

between a construction worker's toes at midday or in someone's mouth with a gum infection?

Where do you think more bacteria live?
In some ones mouth with a gum infection.
Reply:in the mouth with gum disease
Reply:i think the toes, prolly smell the worst too
Reply:The toes.....ewww
Reply:Probably on your butt.
Reply:Someone's mouth

night jasmine

Illustrate the different forms of bacteria?

There are three types of bacteria shapes and they are on the main ways bacteria are classified.





There is the cocci shape, which is spherical


There is the bacilii shape which is rod-shaped


There is the spirilli shape which is spiral-shaped





These can further be divided into their arrangement. They can be by themselves (mono) in pairs (diplo) in chains (strepto) and in clusters (staphlo)





Finally. bacteria can also be classified based on other crtieria such as how they react to gram strains but the main classification is based on shape.





Hope I helped!

Illustrate the different forms of bacteria?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria





http://encarta.msn.com/media_461529212/T...
Reply:http://www.btinternet.com/~stephen.durr/...


http://www.gutenberg.org/files/15283/152...


http://gsbs.utmb.edu/microbook/images/fi...


Antimicrobial effects of detergents on bacteria and fungi that cause skin infections.?

the effects of detergents on staphylococcus aureus that cause skin infections.

Antimicrobial effects of detergents on bacteria and fungi that cause skin infections.?
Even though most detergents inactivate bacteria and fungus, most infections do not come from your clothes. Staphylococcus aureus is easily destroyed in a hot soapy wash, but most of the time it is living under your fingernails and in your nasal passages. Talk to your doctor about ways to limit its growth in those places and you will see improvement. Good luck.
Reply:All detergents are bactericidal(staphylococcus)fungicidal and even viricidal.Keep the clothes or utensils in contact for 1/2 hr for good results.


¿does steaming vegetables kill any bacteria including cysticercosis ?

Cysticercosis is an infection that creates cysts in different areas in the body. The infection is caused by a parasite called Taenia solium (the pork tapeworm).


Cysticercosis is caused by swallowing eggs from T. solium, which are found in contaminated food.


Risk factors include eating pork, fruits, and vegetables contaminated with T. solium as a result of unhealthy cooking preparation. The disease can also be spread by contact with infected people or fecal matter. The disease is rare in the US, but common in many developing countries.


Avoid unclean foods, avoid uncooked foods while traveling, and always wash fruits and vegetables well. And yes, steaming can kill bacteria...though haven't seen studies to show if the temperatures get high enough to kill cysticercosis on veggies. Only studies I've seen are about pork. Thorough washing to remove bacteria combined with high temperature cooking would be your best bets when in doubt.

¿does steaming vegetables kill any bacteria including cysticercosis ?
Here is what we recommend for travelling patients. Don't eat anything that isn't cooked or peeled. Only drink bottled drinks, brush your teeth with bottled water, and avoid ice. Lots of doctors will give you a just-in-case prescription for if you get watery traveller's diarrhea. Report It

Reply:I'm not sure.


Just use organic vegetables, and you'll have less to worry about. =)


Plus, they taste much yummier and fresher.
Reply:Cycsticercosis is a parasite, and people get it by ingesting the parasite's spores. This is usually a problem with eating meat in third-world countries. A lot of the cases I have seen have been in people who have immigrated from Mexico and Central America (Guate., Honduras, etc.).





With that said, steaming vegetables and thorough cooking of food is a pretty darn good way of preventing foodborne illnesses.


Can parasites and other waterborne bacteria in home aquariums be harmful to humans?

I've heard that there is a risk of being infected with ailments from maintaining a home aquarium.

Can parasites and other waterborne bacteria in home aquariums be harmful to humans?
I'll bet the "maybe" answer was helpful.





Yes, aquariums do foster organisms that can be harmful to humans. It's not a problem with just having an aquarium in the house. If it's kept clean, the fish maintained healthy, the aquarium should offer the household no problem.





Here is where the hazard is. After any cleaning or maintainence of the aquarium, be sure to wash your hand thoroughly. Don't take any shortcuts on this. You shouldn't have to worry about right after feeding the fish. (but I wash my hand anyway!) Any other work done on the aquarium, its components or the tools, be sure to wash up.





It's that simple. No danger as long as you wash you hand after handling the equipment or the fish. Same is true for any pet.
Reply:Maybe!

frangipni

¿does steaming vegetables kill any bacteria including cysticercosis ?

Cysticercosis is an infection that creates cysts in different areas in the body. The infection is caused by a parasite called Taenia solium (the pork tapeworm).


Cysticercosis is caused by swallowing eggs from T. solium, which are found in contaminated food.


Risk factors include eating pork, fruits, and vegetables contaminated with T. solium as a result of unhealthy cooking preparation. The disease can also be spread by contact with infected people or fecal matter. The disease is rare in the US, but common in many developing countries.


Avoid unclean foods, avoid uncooked foods while traveling, and always wash fruits and vegetables well. And yes, steaming can kill bacteria...though haven't seen studies to show if the temperatures get high enough to kill cysticercosis on veggies. Only studies I've seen are about pork. Thorough washing to remove bacteria combined with high temperature cooking would be your best bets when in doubt.

¿does steaming vegetables kill any bacteria including cysticercosis ?
Here is what we recommend for travelling patients. Don't eat anything that isn't cooked or peeled. Only drink bottled drinks, brush your teeth with bottled water, and avoid ice. Lots of doctors will give you a just-in-case prescription for if you get watery traveller's diarrhea. Report It

Reply:I'm not sure.


Just use organic vegetables, and you'll have less to worry about. =)


Plus, they taste much yummier and fresher.
Reply:Cycsticercosis is a parasite, and people get it by ingesting the parasite's spores. This is usually a problem with eating meat in third-world countries. A lot of the cases I have seen have been in people who have immigrated from Mexico and Central America (Guate., Honduras, etc.).





With that said, steaming vegetables and thorough cooking of food is a pretty darn good way of preventing foodborne illnesses.


What are 3 places harmful bacteria can be found?

In the soil (Clostridium sp.)


On raw poulty (Salmonilla)


In your colon. (too many different sp. to list.)

What are 3 places harmful bacteria can be found?
nose


skin


carpet


(staph)
Reply:sewage water


polluted air


people affected by bacterial diseases


What is the study of bacteria?

Bacteriology

What is the study of bacteria?
learning about viruses and gross stuff.
Reply:Bacteriology
Reply:Hi Franjulet S,


The study of bacteria is bacteriology, a branch of microbiology.


A major step forward in the study of bacteria is the recognition.


Jason Homan


Does anyone here believe in bacteria from space?

Professor Chandra Wickramasinghe of Cardiff University, seems to think there is a strong possibility. in other articles i read about his theories he suggested that the flu epidemic of 1919 which kill 20 million people and recently the Sars virus could have came from space. i would need some concrete proof before i agree to his theories. because if he right it would suggest other possibilities such as more complex life forms and perhaps even intelligent life beside our own - Aliens but that another cans of worms that I'm keeping well clear of.


however the astronaut Buzz Aldrin on his mission to the moon was ask to recover a part (i believe it was a camera of the probe)of an earlier moon probe that landed there 18 months before hand for research to see how the equipment survive in space for a prolong length of time. back at the lab when they examine the part they found bacteria that was trap in the part during assembily, the trap bacteria froze when it got into space. so after a 18 months in space it sat there frozen. but whats interesting is back at the lab they were able to resuscitate the bacteria. proving that bacteria could survive in space for long periods of time. leading to you question if there were bacteria out there, it could survive in space and have the means to get to earth eg meteroites.


it has even been suggested that life on earth could had evolve from bacteria from space.


I don't know if I believe it 100% but the possibility is there.

Does anyone here believe in bacteria from space?
the discovery of gaseous planets outside our solar system the search is on for smaller planets. this doesn't mean there will be life on them but the possibilities do increase. Jupiter satellite Europa could support life. in fact ESA %26amp; NASA are discussing in sending a probe to Europa Report It

Reply:Yes and I cannot wait for the tripods to come down and harvest all of us to terraform the planet.
Reply:Yes, we have Bacteria which live in the most hostile of places and there are billions of stars and planets out there so its quite possible there is bacteria out there too !!.
Reply:I do.
Reply:Yes.


Along with showers of frogs, fish and hailstones!





The whirlwind theory doesn't hold water as the species in the drop are specific and clean ie no debris of any kind!


Also they are alive until they hit the ground which means they have been contained in their natural environment until then.





The world is very strange and wonderful and if we all stopped fighting about stuff that don't matter, we might have the energy to educate ourselves a little bit more!
Reply:Why not, there's life on Earth isn't there, so it's a certainty that life exists elsewhere in the universe!
Reply:The old peoples had tried with tenacity to understand the Universe, but they not yet had developed this conscience of the infinite life in the Land of Tarcísio Brito, where all species also the man have origin of the certainly ancestral hereditary succession, where the pursuing of the life (for the future) results in an arrival to the past of Daily pay-History; e that finishes in return to the gift of Our Historia. I circulate that one infinitely happens again in the Great Atom Universe, finite in its dimension and the infinite in its time. E you! Already it acquitted this conscience, or it prefers to believe other galaxies if finding?
Reply:They are called Bacterionauts.
Reply:The idea's an old one - panspermia goes back to about 500BC, though it was revived a few years ago. The "evidence" for it was very flaky though - the data were carefully selected.
Reply:Yes
Reply:What do you mean, believe in it? It's been found on asteroids hitting the Earth , collected and studied.





Whether it has anything to do with the beginning of life on Earth approximately 4.6bn years ago is another matter...

bleeding heart

What determines the shape of bacteria?

The bacterias DNA coupled with the environment at the time the shape of the bacteria is recorded (wet, dry, etc.)


Give examples of gram - positive bacteria?

Gram-positive bacteria are those that retain a crystal violet dye during the Gram stain process. It includes many well-known genera such as Bacillus, Listeria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Clostridium. It has also been expanded to include the Mollicutes, bacteria like Mycoplasma that lack cell walls and so cannot be stained by Gram, but are derived from such forms. The Deinococcus-Thermus bacteria also have Gram-positive stains, although they are structurally similar to Gram-negative bacteria.

Give examples of gram - positive bacteria?
http://www.buddycom.com/bacteria/gpc.htm...
Reply:In the original bacterial phyla, the Gram-positive forms made up the phylum Firmicutes, a name now used for the largest group. It includes many well-known genera such as Bacillus, Listeria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Clostridium. It has also been expanded to include the Mollicutes, bacteria like Mycoplasma that lack cell walls and so cannot be stained by Gram, but are derived from such forms.





The actinobacteria are another major group of Gram-positive bacteria; they and the Firmicutes are referred to as the high and low G+C groups based on the guanosine and cytosine content of their DNA. If the second membrane is a derived condition, the two may have been basal among the bacteria; otherwise they are probably a relatively recent monophyletic group. They have been considered as possible ancestors for the archaeans and eukaryotes, both because they are unusual in lacking the second membrane and because of various biochemical similarities such as the presence of sterols.





The Deinococcus-Thermus bacteria also have Gram-positive stains, although they are structurally similar to Gram-negative bacteria.
Reply:Gram-positive bacteria are those that retain a crystal violet dye during the Gram stain process.[1] Gram-positive bacteria appear blue or violet under a microscope, while Gram-negative bacteria appear red or pink. The Gram classification system is empirical, and largely based on differences in cell wall structure.[2]





Characteristics


The following characteristics are generally present in a Gram-positive bacterium:[3]





A very thick cell wall (peptidoglycan).


If a flagellum is present, it contains two rings for support as opposed to four in Gram-negative bacteria because Gram-positive bacteria have only one membrane layer.


Teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids are present, which serve to act as chelating agents, and also for certain types of adherence.





[edit] History of Gram positive


In the original bacterial phyla, the Gram-positive forms made up the phylum Firmicutes, a name now used for the largest group. It includes many well-known genera such as Bacillus, Listeria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Clostridium. It has also been expanded to include the Mollicutes, bacteria like Mycoplasma that lack cell walls and so cannot be stained by Gram, but are derived from such forms.





The actinobacteria are another major group of Gram-positive bacteria; they and the Firmicutes are referred to as the high and low G+C groups based on the guanosine and cytosine content of their DNA. If the second membrane is a derived condition, the two may have been basal among the bacteria; otherwise they are probably a relatively recent monophyletic group. They have been considered as possible ancestors for the archaeans and eukaryotes, both because they are unusual in lacking the second membrane and because of various biochemical similarities such as the presence of sterols.





The Deinococcus-Thermus bacteria also have Gram-positive stains, although they are structurally similar to Gram-negative bacteria.





Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria may have a membrane called an S-layer. In Gram-negative bacteria, the S-layer is directly attached to the outer membrane. In Gram-positive bacteria, the S-layer is attached to the peptidoglycan layer. Unique to Gram-positive bacteria is the presence of teichoic acids in the cell wall. Some particular teichoic acids, lipoteichoic acids, have a lipid component and can assist in anchoring peptidoglycan, as the lipid component is embedded in the membrane
Reply:I think you mean names.





Staphylococcus aureus


Staphylococcus epidermidis


Streptococcus pyogenes


Streptococcus pneumoniae





There are lots more.